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Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each
present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period
(or less if successfully treated):
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or
avolition. Note: Only one symptom is required if delusions are
bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a
running commentary on the person's behavior or thoughts, or two
or more voices conversing with each other.
Social/occupational dysfunction: For a significant portion of the
time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of
functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are
markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the
onset is in childhood or adolescence, failure to achieve expected
level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational achievement).
Duration: Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at
least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of
symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet the first
criteria (i.e., active-phase symptoms) and may include periods of
prodromal or residual symptoms. During these prodromal or residual
periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only
negative symptoms or two or more symptoms listed in the first
criteria present in an attenuated form (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual
perceptual experiences).
Schizoaffective and Mood Disorder exclusion: Schizoaffective
Disorder and Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features have been ruled
out because either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episodes
have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms; or (2) if
mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, their
total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the active
and residual periods.
Substance/general medical condition exclusion: The disturbance is
not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: If there is a
history of Autistic Disorder or another Pervasive Developmental
Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if
prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least
a month (or less if successfully treated).
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