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A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need
for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood
and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more)
of the following:
- has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates
achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior
without commensurate achievements)
- preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power,
brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- believes that he or she is "special" and unique and
can only be understood by, or should associate with, other
special or high-status people (or institutions)
- requires excessive admiration
- has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of
especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his
or her expectations
- is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of
others to achieve his or her own ends
- lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the
feelings and needs of others
- is often envious of others or believes that others are envious
of him or her
- shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes
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